ASTM steel material piping accessories
What is ASTM steel grade (Grade)?
ASTM standards specify specific manufacturing processes and precise chemical composition requirements for steel pipe, fittings, and flange materials, including the percentage content of chemical elements such as carbon, manganese, and nickel. Various materials are distinguished by steel grade (Grade).
For example, carbon steel pipe materials are distinguished by grades A and B, stainless steel pipe materials are indicated by TP304 or TP321, carbon steel fittings are crowned with steel grade WPB, etc.
The following are three examples, with different chemical composition requirements: 1.
- flanges, ASTM A182 Grade F304, F304L, F316L
- Steel pipe, ASTM A312 Grade TP304, TP304L, TP316L
- pipe fittings, ASTM A403 Grade WP304, WP304L, WP316L
In a project bill of materials, ASTM steel grades appear frequently in the description of pipe, fittings, flanges, valves, bolts and studs, forming a system as a whole.
As you know, ASTM A105 does not distinguish between steel grades, and people sometimes use the description ASTM A105N. N does not indicate a steel grade, but rather means normalized. Normalizing is a type of heat treatment and is used only for ferritic materials. The purpose of normalizing is primarily to relieve internal stresses formed during forging, casting, or forming.
ASTM pipe accessories for common steel materials
Steel Pipe
A106 – Specifies seamless carbon steel pipe for high temperature applications.
A335 – specifies seamless ferritic alloy steel pipe for high temperature applications
A333 – Specifies seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe for low temperatures
Pipe fittings
A234 – Specifies seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe and tube materials for rolling
A420 – Specifies materials for rolled carbon and alloy steel tubing for low temperature applications
A403 – Provides for the rolling of austenitic stainless steel pipe fittings
Flanges
A105 – Specifies forged carbon steel pipe element materials
A182 – provides forged alloy steel and stainless steel piping components materials
A350 – provides forged carbon steel and low-alloy steel piping components for low temperatures
Valve
A216 – Specifies carbon steel castings suitable for fusion welding for use at elevated temperatures
A217 – provides for high-temperature pressure-bearing martensitic stainless steel and alloy steel castings
A352 – specifies ferritic and martensitic stainless steel castings for low temperature pressure bearing
Bolts and nuts
A193 – Specifies the high temperature pressure equipment with stainless steel and alloy steel bolt material
A194 – Specifies carbon steel and alloy steel nut materials for high temperature and high pressure equipment
A320 – Specified alloy steel and stainless steel bolts for low temperature